Incidence of Needle Stick Injury among The Dental Students and Dental House Officers of Bhitai Medical and Dental College, Mirpur Khas
Keywords:
: Needle stick Injury, Dentistry, Occupational Hazards, Post Exposure Prophylaxis, , blood borne pathogens
Abstract
Objective: the purpose of this study is to evaluate the knowledge and experience of NSI among dental students and house officers at Bhitai Dental and Medical College, Mirpur Khas
Material and Method: This study was conducted among dental students and house officers. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Number of needlestick injury and post-exposure management in the time duration of past 12 months has been assessed by a questionnaire based survey. SPSS 19 has been used to analyze the data
Results: Total 330 dental students and house officers have participated in this study in which 76.3% were dental students and 23.3% were house officers. 63% had experienced NSI. Of those who experienced NSI, during re-capping of the needles 31%, Local anaesthesia injection 21 %, and scaling 19% was the most common reason we observed. 78.6% did not report the exposure incident because of fear of stigmatization and discrimination.
Conclusion: Dental students and house officers were at high risk. The reason of NSI among is due to lesser clinical skill and lack of experience. Although a level of knowledge regarding NSI and cross infection was high, there was decreased awareness on the means of prevention and protocol. Therefore, some preventive measures seem necessary to be taken into consideration
References
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11) Muralidhar S, Singh RK, Malhotra J, Bala MM. Needle stick injuries among health care workers in a tertiary care hospital of India. Ind J Med Res 2010 Mar;131:405-410.
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14) Kohn WG, Collins AS, Cleveland JL, Harte JA, Eklund KJ, Malvitz DM Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Guidelines for infection control in dental health-care settings--2003. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2003;52(RR-17):1–61
15) World Health Organization. Occupational Health‑Needlestick Injuries 2002. Available from: https://www.whi.int/occupational_health/topics/needinjuries/en/. [Last accessed on 2015 Feb 22]
16) Younai FS, Murphy DC, Kotelchuck D. Occupational exposures to blood in a dental teaching environment: results of a ten-year surveillance study. J Dent Educ 2001; 65: 436–448. 5
17) Zuberi BF, Zuberi FF, Hasan SR, Kumar R, Memon SA, Afsar S. Frequency of acute hepatitis C after needle stick injury and its treatment outcome. Pak J Med Sci 2009;25(5): 766-769
18) Sjostrom TH, Skyman E, Hellström L, Kula M, Grinevika V. Cross-infection prevention, basic hygiene practices and education within nursing and health care in Latvia: a Swe- dish-Latvian practice development project. Nurse Educ Today 2003;23(6):404-411
19) E. K. MUNGURE, J.M. GAKONYO, Z. MAMDANI and F. BUTT AWARENESS AND EXPERIENCE OF NEEDLE STICK INJURIES AMONG DENTAL STUDENTS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI, DENTAL HOSPITAL East African Medical Journal Vol. 87 No. 5 May 2010
20) Zafar A, Habib F, Hadwani R, Ejaz M, Khowaja K, Khowaja R, et al. Impact of infection control activities on the rate of needle stick injuries at a tertiary care hospital of Pakistan over a period of six years: an observational study. BMC Infect Dis 2009; 9: 78-80.
21) Cleveland JL, Barker L, Gooch BF, Beltrami EM, Cardo D: Use of HIV postexposure prophylaxis by dental health care personnel: an overview and updated recommendations. J Am Dent Assoc 2002, 133(12): 1619-1626
22) Sullivan M, Masters O, Venkatesan P. Needlestick injuries amongst medical students in Birmingham, UK. J Hosp Infect 2000; 44: 240–241. http.dx.doi.org/10.1053/ jhin.1999.0697
23) Trim JC, Adams D, Elliott TS. Healthcare workers’ knowledge of inoculation injuries and glove use. Br J Nursing 2003; 12: 215–221.
24) Kashif Ikram, Humayun Kaleem Siddiqui, Sana Maqbool Frequency of Needle Stick Injury among Dental Students and Dentists of Karachi World Journal of Dentistry, October-December 2015;6(4):213-216
25) Pavithran, et al.: Needle stick injury among dental professionals. J Int Soci Preven Com Dent. Sept-Oct 2015; 5(5)
26) Khurram M, Ijaz K, Bushra TH, Khan NY, et al Needle stick injuries. A SURVEY, attitudes and practices of health care workers regarding needle stick injuries at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. J Pak Med Assoc 2008; 58: 57-60
27) Thomas DL, Gruninger SE, Siew C, Joy ED, Quinn TC. Occupational risk of hepatitis C infections among general dentists and oral surgeons in North America. Am J Med. 1996;100(1):41–45. doi: 10.1016/S0002-9343(96)90009-1
28) Abbas Z, Jafri W, Shah SHA, Khokhar N, Zuberi SJ. PGS Consensus Statement on management of Hepatitis B Virus Infection 2003. J Pak Med Assoc 2004; 54: 150-58
29) Aslam M, Taj T, Ali A, Mirza W, Ali H, Dar M, Badar N. Needle stick injuries among health care workers of public sector tertiary care hospitals of Karachi. J Col Physic Surg, Pakistan 2010;20(3):150-153.
30) Sukriti, Pati NT, Sethi A, Agrawal K, Agrawal K, Kumar GT, et al. Low levels of awareness, vaccine coverage, and the need for boosters among health care workers in tertiary care hospitals in India. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 23: 1710-5
31) Mohamed Abdullah Jaber A survey of needle sticks and other sharp injuries among dental undergraduate students Int J Infect Control 2011, v7:i3 doi: 10.3396/ijic.V7i1.022.11
2) Siew C, Gruninger SE, Miaw CL, Neidle EA. Percutaneous injuries in practicing dentists: a prospective study using a 20-day diary. JADA. 1995;126:1227–34.
3) Gooch BF, Siew C, Cleveland JL, Gruninger SE, Lockwood SA, Joy ED. Occupational blood exposure and HIV infection among oral and maxillofacial surgeons. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1998;85:128–34.
4) Greene, E.S., Berry, A.J., Arnold, W.P. and Jagger, J. Percutaneous injuries in anesthesia personnel. Anesth. Analg. 1996: 83: 273-278
5) May D, Brewer S. Sharps injury: prevention and management. Nursing Stand. 2001; 15: 45–52.
6) Talaat M, Kandeel A, El-Shoubary W, Bodenschatz C, Khairy I, et al. Occupational exposure to needlestick injuries and hepatitis B vaccination coverage among health care workers in Egypt. Am J Infect Control 2003; 31: 469-474.
7) Salehi AS, Garner P. Occupational injury history and universal precautions awareness: a survey in Kabul hospital staff. BMC Infect Dis 2010; 10: 19.
8) Wicker S, Rabenau HF. Occupational exposures to blood borne viruses among German dental professionals and students in a clinical setting. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2010; 83: 77-83.
9) Kapoor K, Gambhir RS, Singh S, Gill S, Singh A. Knowledge, awareness and practice regarding needle stick injuries in dental profession in India: a systematic review. Niger Med J 2013 Nov-Dec;54(6):365-370.
10) Moazzam A, Salem ZA. Griffith BR. Needle stick injuries: an overview of the size of the problem, prevention and management, occupational and environmental health and safety, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. J Med Biomed Sci 2010;2(2):53-61.
11) Muralidhar S, Singh RK, Malhotra J, Bala MM. Needle stick injuries among health care workers in a tertiary care hospital of India. Ind J Med Res 2010 Mar;131:405-410.
12) Askarian M, Malekmakan L, Memish ZA. Prevalence of needle stick injuries among dental, nursing and midwifery students in Shiraz, Iran GMS. Krankenhhyg-Interdiszip. 2012;7(1).
13) Rogers B, Goodno L. Evaluation of interventions to prevent needlestick injuries in health care occupations. Am J Prev Med. 2000;18(4 Suppl):90–98. doi: 10.1016/S0749-3797(00)00145-8. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(00)00145-8
14) Kohn WG, Collins AS, Cleveland JL, Harte JA, Eklund KJ, Malvitz DM Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Guidelines for infection control in dental health-care settings--2003. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2003;52(RR-17):1–61
15) World Health Organization. Occupational Health‑Needlestick Injuries 2002. Available from: https://www.whi.int/occupational_health/topics/needinjuries/en/. [Last accessed on 2015 Feb 22]
16) Younai FS, Murphy DC, Kotelchuck D. Occupational exposures to blood in a dental teaching environment: results of a ten-year surveillance study. J Dent Educ 2001; 65: 436–448. 5
17) Zuberi BF, Zuberi FF, Hasan SR, Kumar R, Memon SA, Afsar S. Frequency of acute hepatitis C after needle stick injury and its treatment outcome. Pak J Med Sci 2009;25(5): 766-769
18) Sjostrom TH, Skyman E, Hellström L, Kula M, Grinevika V. Cross-infection prevention, basic hygiene practices and education within nursing and health care in Latvia: a Swe- dish-Latvian practice development project. Nurse Educ Today 2003;23(6):404-411
19) E. K. MUNGURE, J.M. GAKONYO, Z. MAMDANI and F. BUTT AWARENESS AND EXPERIENCE OF NEEDLE STICK INJURIES AMONG DENTAL STUDENTS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI, DENTAL HOSPITAL East African Medical Journal Vol. 87 No. 5 May 2010
20) Zafar A, Habib F, Hadwani R, Ejaz M, Khowaja K, Khowaja R, et al. Impact of infection control activities on the rate of needle stick injuries at a tertiary care hospital of Pakistan over a period of six years: an observational study. BMC Infect Dis 2009; 9: 78-80.
21) Cleveland JL, Barker L, Gooch BF, Beltrami EM, Cardo D: Use of HIV postexposure prophylaxis by dental health care personnel: an overview and updated recommendations. J Am Dent Assoc 2002, 133(12): 1619-1626
22) Sullivan M, Masters O, Venkatesan P. Needlestick injuries amongst medical students in Birmingham, UK. J Hosp Infect 2000; 44: 240–241. http.dx.doi.org/10.1053/ jhin.1999.0697
23) Trim JC, Adams D, Elliott TS. Healthcare workers’ knowledge of inoculation injuries and glove use. Br J Nursing 2003; 12: 215–221.
24) Kashif Ikram, Humayun Kaleem Siddiqui, Sana Maqbool Frequency of Needle Stick Injury among Dental Students and Dentists of Karachi World Journal of Dentistry, October-December 2015;6(4):213-216
25) Pavithran, et al.: Needle stick injury among dental professionals. J Int Soci Preven Com Dent. Sept-Oct 2015; 5(5)
26) Khurram M, Ijaz K, Bushra TH, Khan NY, et al Needle stick injuries. A SURVEY, attitudes and practices of health care workers regarding needle stick injuries at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. J Pak Med Assoc 2008; 58: 57-60
27) Thomas DL, Gruninger SE, Siew C, Joy ED, Quinn TC. Occupational risk of hepatitis C infections among general dentists and oral surgeons in North America. Am J Med. 1996;100(1):41–45. doi: 10.1016/S0002-9343(96)90009-1
28) Abbas Z, Jafri W, Shah SHA, Khokhar N, Zuberi SJ. PGS Consensus Statement on management of Hepatitis B Virus Infection 2003. J Pak Med Assoc 2004; 54: 150-58
29) Aslam M, Taj T, Ali A, Mirza W, Ali H, Dar M, Badar N. Needle stick injuries among health care workers of public sector tertiary care hospitals of Karachi. J Col Physic Surg, Pakistan 2010;20(3):150-153.
30) Sukriti, Pati NT, Sethi A, Agrawal K, Agrawal K, Kumar GT, et al. Low levels of awareness, vaccine coverage, and the need for boosters among health care workers in tertiary care hospitals in India. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 23: 1710-5
31) Mohamed Abdullah Jaber A survey of needle sticks and other sharp injuries among dental undergraduate students Int J Infect Control 2011, v7:i3 doi: 10.3396/ijic.V7i1.022.11
Published
2019-08-08
How to Cite
ALI, I., Hameed, F., MAQBOOL, A., KAZIM, M., ASLAM, M. A., SIDDIQUI, S., & HAFEEZ, N. (2019). Incidence of Needle Stick Injury among The Dental Students and Dental House Officers of Bhitai Medical and Dental College, Mirpur Khas. Annals of Jinnah Sindh Medical University, 5(1), 26-30. Retrieved from http://ajsmu.com/index.php/AJSMU/article/view/36
Section
Original Articles
