Cytopathological Spectrum of Pleural Fluid Effusion at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Karachi
Cytopathological spectrum spectrum of pleural effusion
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the spectrum of pleural fluid effusion for the period of one year received at tertiary care centre of Karachi.
Methodology: This descriptive study was conducted after ethical approval at Burhani hospital laboratory, Karachi. Data of cytopathologically diagnosed peural fluid effusion was collected from the records available between June 2018 – June 2019. Relevant data pertaining registration number, age, gender of the patients and diagnosis were recorded. Data was entered and analysed using SPSS version 21
Results: Of the total 59 cases received, 44 (74.4%) were males & 12 (25.5%) were females. Age range was between 35 – 70 years with mean value = 55±12.8. From 59 cases, 15 (25.4%) were mixed inflammatory infiltrate, 12 (20.3%) showed chronic inflammatory cells, 08 (13.5%) had predominantly neutrophils, 06 (10%) with atypical cells, 04 (6.7%) presented with adenocarcinoma and 14 (23.7%) were labelled as inadequate/haemorrhagic samples.
Conclusion: Majority of the pleural effusion samples were adequate. Inflammatory lesions were more common in comparison to malignancy. Adenocarcinoma was the most common neoplastic entity. Pleural fluid cytology is an effective initial diagnostic modality in Pakistani health care setup.
Keywords: Pleural effusion, inflammatory cells, adenocarcinoma, atypical cells.
References
Valdés L, San-José E, Ferreiro L, Golpe A, GonzálezBarcala FJ, Toubes ME, et al. Predicting malignant and
tuberculous pleural effusions through demographics
and pleural fluid analysis of patients. Clin Respir J.
Apr;9(2):203-13. https://doi.org/10.1111/crj.12125
Saifullah N, Baig S, Soomro NH, Rizvi N. Exudative
pleural effusion. The Professional Medical Journal.
Aug 10;23(08):970-4.
Dixit R, Agarwal KC, Gokhroo A, Patil CB, Meena M,
Shah NS, Arora P. Diagnosis and management options
in malignant pleural effusions. Lung India. 2017
Mar;34(2):160. doi: 10.4103/0970-2113.201305.
Biswas B, Sharma SK, Negi RS, Gupta N, Jaswal VM,
Niranjan N. Pleural effusion: Role of pleural fluid
cytology, adenosine deaminase level, and pleural biopsy
in diagnosis. J Cytol. 2016 Jul;33(3):159. doi:
4103/0970-9371.188062.
Assawasaksakul T, Boonsarngsuk V, Incharoen P. A
comparative study of conventional cytology and cell
block method in the diagnosis of pleural effusion. J
Thorac Dis. 2017 Sep;9(9):3161-3167. doi: 10.21037/jtd.
08.52.
Zuberi FF, Zuberi BF, Ali SK, Hussain S, Mumtaz F.
Yield of closed pleural biopsy and cytology in exudative
pleural effusion. Pak J Med Sci. 2016;32(2):356-360.
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12669/pjms.322.9613
Gojiya P, Goswami A, Shah S. Cytological Study of
Pleural Effusions and its Utility in Clinical Approach.
Annals of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. 2017
Sep 1;4(4):A442-445. DOI: 10.21276/APALM.1277
Pervez S, Jabbar AA, Haider G, Qureshi MA, Ashraf
S, Lateef F, et al. Karachi Cancer Registry (KCR):
Consolidated Data of 5-years 2017-2021. J Coll
Physicians Surg Pak. 2023; 33(05):560-565
Shaukat Khanum Cancer registry 2018. [online].
[Accessed Feb, 23, 2020]. Available from:
https://shaukatkhanum.org.pk/wp-content/uploads/
/07/acrr-2018.pdf
Umar M, Iqbal Z, Basit A, Khan MY, Javaid A. Validity
of pleural fluid protein in differentiating tuberculous
from malignant pleural effusion . Pak J Chest Med.
; 24 (3):141-146.
Cytopathology of pleural fluid effusion in Karachi
Obahiagbon I, Udoh MO. Challenges of pleural aspirate
cytology: A 5-year review. Ann Trop Pathol. 2020;11:33-
GordonH. Yu,LaurelJ. Glaser,KarenS. Gustafson; Role
of Ancillary Techniques in Fluid Cytology.Acta
Cytologica. 2020; 64 (1-2): 52- 62.
Tetikkurt C, Yýlmaz N, Tetikkurt S, Gundogdu Þ, Disci
R. The value of exfoliative cell cytology in the diagnosis
of exudative pleural effusions. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis.
Sep 11;88(3). 10-15.
Nautiyal N, Bhardwaj A, Acharya S, Kishore S, Kudesia
S. Diagnostic utility of epithelial membrane antigen
(EMA) and calretinin (CAL) in effusion cytology. J
Clin Diagn Res. 2017 May;11(5):EC36-39. doi:
7860/JCDR/2017/24339.9888
Ali S, Abbas M, Shahzeb. Diagnostic evaluation of
patients presenting with pleural effusion to Mardan
Medical Complex, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Pak J Chest
Med. 2021; 27(4):140-145.
